The time has come when Advaita Vedanta has captured the attention of scientists, particularly physicists, as a subject of great interest. This shift arises from an unfulfilled expectation within the scientific community- the development of a “theory of everything” — a unified equation capable of explaining the entire universe. Instead of arriving at clarity, ongoing research has uncovered deeper layers of mystery. Phenomena like dark matter, dark energy and black holes continue to elude complete understanding, leaving physicists grappling with unanswered questions.
Scientists estimate that around 27% of the universe’s mass-energy content is dark matter, which does not emit, absorb or reflect light, making it invisible. Its existence is inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter, but its exact nature remains unknown (Source: NASA, European Space Agency). Dark energy constitutes 68% of the universe’s mass-energy content and is believed to be responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe. Its properties and origins are still mysterious (Source: NASA, American Physical Society). While much is known about black holes certain aspects, like their singularities and quantum behaviours remain unresolved (Source: NASA, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics).
Among these mysteries, consciousness stands as the most enigmatic. For many years, neuroscientists believed that the brain somehow produces consciousness. However, advanced research in brain science has challenged this notion, suggesting that consciousness transcends the brain and its mechanisms. Now the great and unsolved question for humanity today is how we derive subjective experience in an objective world.
The Bhagavad Gita answers the question of where subjective experience arises in an objective world by emphasizing the unity of all existence. According to Lord Krishna’s teachings, the apparent duality between the inner self (subjective) and the external world (objective) is an illusion created by Maya (the cosmic power of illusion). He teaches Arjuna that what appears as the objective world is transient and illusory, while subjective experience rooted in the Self is eternal and unchanging. The world we perceive is filtered through our senses and mind, creating the illusion of separation. Subjective experience arises when the mind and senses interact with the objective world, creating a sense of individuality. However, this is due to ignorance, which veils the ultimate truth. By transcending the senses and mind, one can understand that all experiences are grounded in the eternal Self, the true source of both subjective and objective reality. As science advances in groundbreaking fields like quantum mechanics, neuroscience and cosmology, it increasingly confronts fundamental questions that extend beyond empirical observation. These include the nature of consciousness, the origins of the universe and the interconnectedness of existence. Such questions demand not only scientific rigor but also deeper philosophical reflection. That is why Advaita Vedanta and texts like the Bhagavad Gita are gaining topmost attention among scientists today. While the claims of Advaita Vedanta — such as the notion of Brahman (Supreme Consciousness) as the ultimate reality — cannot be proven through empirical methods alone, they offer important insights into the metaphysical dimensions of existence, complementing scientific exploration. In the pursuit of a sustainable and harmonious future, humanity must adopt a two-pronged framework. The first is the scientific framework, which relies on logic, observation and innovation. This framework drives material progress, from technological advancements like artificial intelligence to breakthroughs in medicine and environmental science. It is indispensable for addressing practical challenges and improving societal well-being. The second is the spiritual framework, which focuses on exploring the subjective and transcendental aspects of reality. It helps us address existential questions and provides ethical and philosophical grounding. Advaita Vedanta, with its teaching that consciousness is fundamental and the supreme reality, reminds us of the interconnectedness of all existence and the importance of inner awareness in shaping external realities. Integrating both the frameworks offers a holistic path forward. While science addresses the “how” of existence, spirituality addresses into the “why.” Together, they can lead us to a deeper understanding of the universe and our place within it, accelerating progress that is both material and meaningful. In this synergy lies the key to addressing the greatest mysteries of existence while ensuring a sustainable world.
